Showing posts with label HTML Links (External & Internal). Show all posts
Showing posts with label HTML Links (External & Internal). Show all posts

HTML LINKS (External & Internal Links)

 The most useful feature of HTML is to link the text or image to a document. We can also  link a part of the same or different document in a web page so that when we click the linked text called hypertext that part of the document will open up.

HTML supports two kinds of linking :

External Linking and

Internal Linking

External Linking : The external linking links two different web pages. When the user click the link the linked document get opened. 

<A> (Anchor) Tag is used to create link in a HTML document.

Attribute HREF (Hypertext Reference) is used with <A> tag, which is used to take the path or URL of the web page to be opened when user clicks the link. Syntax to use <A> tag is 

<A HREF = "Link Page URL"> Text </A>

For example : 

<A HREF = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear"> polar bear </A>




Hyperlink : polar bear

Try yourself Try it yourself editor
 
Code
Output

Here you can see a hyperlink "polar bear" is created, when we click this hyperlink the page having URL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear" get opened.

Title Attribute:
We can also give a title to our hyperlink text to give some addition information about that page. This is done through the attribute "title".
Syntax to use <A> tag with Title attribute is :

<A HREF = "Link page URL" Title = "text"> text </A>

For example :

<A HREF = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear" Title = "ice-bears"> polar bear </A>



Title "ice-bear" with Hyperlink "polar_bear"

Try yourself Try it yourself editor
 
Code
Output
When you hover mouse on the link 'Polar Bear', you can see the title 'ice-bears'.

Lets try another example:

<html>

<head>

<title> MY FIRST WEBPAGE </title>

</head>

<body bgcolor = "yellow">

<IMG SRC = "C:\Users\asd\Desktop\polar bear.jpg">

<A HREF = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear" Title = "ice-bears"> <H3> Back </H3> </A>

</BODY>

</HTML>




"Back" is hypertext

Here "Back is the hypertext, when we click this the previous web page having URL "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_bear" get opened.
Try above code in Try It Editor

Try it yourself editor
 
Code
Output

Target Attribute:
The target attribute specifies where to display the linked URL. Some of the values of Target Attributes are given below :
  • _blank: It opens the linked document in a new window or tab.
  • _self: It opens the linked document in the same window or tab. This is the default behaviour.
  • _top: It opens the linked document in the full body of the window.
Syntax to use target attribute is :
<A HREF = "url" target = "_blank"> Text to display as link </A>

Internal Linking :
Internal Linking links the various sections of the same document. By clicking on the linked button, the linked part of the document is displayed on the screen. <A> (Anchor) tag is also used to make internal linking. It can be used to link other sections of the same document.
To insert an internal linking create the link to the segment/section that is to be displayed.
To define a segment/section in th document, NAME or ID attribute can be used in the document. 
Syntax to create internal linking is as follows:
<A NAME = "Segment1"> Segment1</A>
<A HREF = "#Segment1"> Text </A>
For example:
To set a segment in document 
<A NAME = "Segment1"> Segment1</A>
After linking that segment
<A HREF = "#Segment1"> Link to Segment1</A>

Q1 Write the HTML codes for the following output so that when we click the link Answer, the yellow doc should appear and when we click the link Back, aqua coloured doc should appear



Ans. First we code for the aqua coloured document.
Open Notepad and type the following codes : 

<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Internal link example </title>
</head>
<body BGCOLOR = "Aqua">
<H1 align = "center"> Quiz </H1>
<H2 align = "center"> Questions <H2> <Br>
<OL type = "1">
<LI> Who is the Prime Minister of India ? </LI>
<LI> What is the chemical formula of water ?</LI>
<LI> (a+b)<sup>2</sup> = ? </LI>
</OL>
<a href = "C:\Users\asd\Desktop\answer.html">answer</a>
</body>
</html>
Now save this file with the name questions.html

Now code for yellow coloured document in new notepad file :

<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title> Internal link example </title>
</head>
<body BGCOLOR = "yellow">
<H1 align = "center"> Quiz </H1>
<H2 align = "center"> Answers <H2> <Br>
<OL type = "1">
<LI> Shri Narender MOdi </LI>
<LI> H<sub>2</sub>O</LI>
<LI> (a+b)<sup>2</sup> = a<sup>2</sup>+b<sup>2</sup>+2ab </LI>
</OL>
<a href = "C:\Users\asd\Desktop\questions.html">Back</a>
</body>
</html>
Now save this file with the name answer.html

 Lets try in notepad++ text editor:
questions.html (editor view)


answer.html (editor view)

Now see the outputs
Browser view of questions.html

Browser view of answer.html

We can easily navigate between both pages by clicking the links given "answer" and "Back".

See the above example below:

Internal link example

Quiz

Questions


  1. Who is the Prime Minister of India ?
  2. What is the chemical formula of water ?
  3. (a+b)2 = ?
answer













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Introduction to HTML


We surf many websites everyday to find out the information required that time. We find our solutions too by using these websites. But have you ever thought how these amazing websites are made and how does a link work ?
Yes, this is the subject we will discuss here and the name of the topic is HTML. HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
A markup language is used to mark the content that helps in designing the web pages. These related web pages make a website.
 
Hypertext is the way of creating documents that can be displayed on the web and helps to establish link between themselves and cross link to other pages on the web.
Markup  means identifying or marking the text by applying different formatting features in web documents and producing different types of effect when the document is displayed on web page.
Language This is the common syntax and rules for writing or marking the text.

Features of HTML
i. HTML is not a programming language or any word processing program, rather it is a markup language.
ii. It is a platform independent language, it can run on any type of operating system like Macintosh, IBM computer etc.
iii. It is not a case sensitive, we can write tag in any upper or lower case.
iv. it allows to format text, graphics, audios, videos and save in an ASCII code.

Requirement to work with HTML
We need only two things to work in HTML :
i. Text Editor and             ii. Web browser.

i. Text Editor : It provides the space where we write text in proper HTML syntex to create a web page.  Some examples are Notepad, Wordpad, Word perfect, KWrite, Front page etc
After completing the writing text for a web page we save this file with extension .htm or .html.

ii. Web browser : It is an application software used to display the coded content in text editor in a web page on World wide web or on a local area network. A web page may contain hypertext and the web browser allows to open it in other web page. Examples Google chrome, Internet explorer etc.

Now we will know some basic terminologies used in HTML.
1. Tags : These are the keywords of HTML used to define how text, images, audios and videos will appear in a web page. This is the fundamental unit of coded document in HTML and surrounded by angular brackets (<  >). Like <title>, <body> etc. If the tags are not surrounded by angular brackets, HTML takes it as normal text. 
Tags are of two types. 
Container Tag and 
Empty Tag
A container tag used in pair a opening tag and a closing tag. It defines where or how the structure of the text will appear written under  opening tag and closing tag.
For example : <title> my first webpage </title>
Here <title> is an opening tag, </title> is a closing tag  and these two tags defines the text present between both 'my first webpage' will be appeared as title of webpage (Title appears in the title bar of the web  browser). A closing tag is same as opening tag but starts with a back slash.

An Empty Tag is not used in pairs. It is enough to use it single only. Means it defines the property of the text or document. For example <br> .
<br> tag is used to give a line break at a particular place in a web page. When a line break appear at a particular place, the afterward texts will appear in next line so no need to give a closing tag.

2. Element : Elements are the different sections of HTML document, like head, body etc. It is the fundamental component of the structure in an HTML document that includes many different components like title, body, paragraph or list.
For Ex. <title> my first webpage </title>
The above whole line is called an element. An element includes
i. An opening tag
ii. An closing tag
iii. The text between the opening and the closing tag.

3. Attribute : An attribute is the property of a tag, which defines some additional information about that tag. It always specified inside the opening tag. All attributes consist of two parts - a name and a value.
Here name is the particular property of a tag and
value is the category of that property.
For Ex <body bgcolor="red">
Here body is the tag, bgcolor  (background color) is the attribute and property of the body tag and "red" is the category of background color.
Means the background color of the body text in a web page should be in red color.
Now we start coding in HTML so that we can easily understand the structure.

Fundamental Structure of HTML Document.

An HTML document consists of text that comprises the content of the document and the tags that defines the structure and the appearance of the document. The basic structure of a HTML document can be classified into different sections called elements.
HTML Coding Structure


See the above coding again
<html>
<head>
<title>
My first web page 
</title>
</head>
<body>
Welcome to my first web page.
</body>
Footer
</html>
Here tags <html> and </html> are opening and closing html tags and it includes all the tags and text written  in this page. It shows this is an html document.
Now <head> and </head> tags are opening and closing head tags. It includes the tags <title> and </title>. The text written with head tag will be displayed above the page as a heading and the text written in between the tags <title> and </title> will be displayed in title bar of the browser.
Tags <title> and </title> includes the text which will be displayed in title bar.
Now head section is finished and body section will start from here.
The text written between <body> and </body> tags are displayed in web page as a content.
After body tag section you can give the footer information like date of creating this page, time, name of the author(your) etc. But it is an  optional, you can ignore this if you want. 
Now at last the </html> closing HTML tag is given which means now the page is finished.
Coding in text editor Notepad++


Saving an HTML Document.
After coding as above in any text editor like 'notepad' in Windows or 'gedit' in BOSS Linux, now the time is to save the file.

Following are the steps to save the file in HTML.

i. Click file tab -- save as option
ii. Save as dialog box opens up, in File Name box type any name
iii. The most important step is after typing the name give a dot (.) and type 'html' or 'htm' as a extension of file.
iv. Now click 'save' button. The file will look now in form of browser.
saving of notepad file as my first webpage.html

Viewing the web page in web browser.
i. Navigate to the location where you have saved the html file.
ii. Double click that file (look like a browser). Now the html file opens in default web browser of your computer.
Here you can see the file, but if you need any change in your html file, then close the file and point that browser with mouse and right click.
Click 'open with' option select the editor name (like notepad) in which you have typed all coding.
Now it appears again in text editor form. Do the desired changes and this time click only file tab -- save option. (File name is already given). 

Running in browser
Try the above code in Try it Editor
Try it yourself editor
 
Code
Output

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